Research Article: China’s deepening digital presence in the global South. photo shows . Chinese President Xi Jinping (L) and Papua New Guinea (PNG) Prime Minister Peter O'Neill attend the hand-over ceremony of the China-assisted Independence Boulevard in Port Moresby, PNG

Port Moresby, PNG, 2018: Chinese President Xi Jinping (L) and Papua New Guinea (PNG) Prime Minister Peter O’Neill attend the hand-over ceremony of the China-assisted Independence Boulevard in Port Moresby. [photo: Fei Maohua/Xinhua/Alamy]